The results of the Jammu and Kashmir Assembly bypolls were declared on Friday, with the People’s Democratic Party (PDP) winning the Budgam seat and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) retaining Nagrota.
In Budgam, PDP candidate Aga Syed Muntazir Mehdi defeated his closest rival, Aga Syed Mehmood of the National Conference (NC), securing a lead of over 4,186 votes.
The constituency, one of the most competitive in the bypolls, saw 17 candidates contesting, including representatives from the Apni Party and Awami Ittehad Party (AIP).
PDP candidate Aga Syed Muntazir Mehdi told KNS that voters have opted for accountability and change in the constituency. “The people have voted for change and accountability,” he said, adding that Budgam district, which he said had been ignored over the past year, will now be represented effectively in the Assembly.
The PDP’s campaign gained momentum amid internal divisions within the NC.
Senior Shia leader and former three-time MLA and now MP Srinagar Aga Syed Ruhullah Mehdi had publicly refused to campaign for the NC candidate, citing delays in implementing the Reservation Sub-Committee report, issues with smart electricity meters, and perceived backtracking on statehood and Article 370.
Ruhullah requested that his name or image not be used in the NC campaign. Party workers celebrated the win across Budgam soon after results were announced.
In Nagrota, BJP candidate Devyani Rana defeated Harsh Dev Singh of the Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party (JKNPP) by a margin of over 21,000 votes.
The NC candidate, Shamim Begum, finished third with just over 10,000 votes. Devyani Rana, the daughter of late MLA Devender Singh Rana, entered politics following her father’s death on October 31, 2024. Her victory marks the BJP’s continued presence in the Jammu region.
The Budgam bypoll was necessitated by the resignation of Chief Minister Omar Abdullah, who had won both Ganderbal and Budgam seats in the 2024 Assembly elections and chose to represent Ganderbal.The Nagrota bypoll followed the death of Devender Singh Rana.(KNS)
Renowned spiritual leader and founder of the Art of Living Foundation, Sri Sri Ravi Shankar, called on Mirwaiz-e-Kashmir Dr. Moulvi Muhammad Umar Farooq at his residence in Srinagar.Click Here To Follow Our WhatsApp Channel
During the cordial meeting, both leaders discussed the importance of peace, compassion, and inter-faith harmony in today’s world. Sri Sri Ravi Shankar, visiting Kashmir after seven years, expressed happiness at being back in the Valley and lauded its spiritual and cultural heritage as a symbol of coexistence.
Mirwaiz Umar Farooq welcomed him and reiterated that the institution of the Mirwaiz remains committed to peace and dialogue as the most humane and effective means of addressing issues and resolving differences.Both leaders agreed that injustice and disempowerment lead to radicalisation that threatens peace.(KNS)
Mohammad Shoaib, brother of Dr. Shaheen — one of the suspects in the Delhi blast case — said he learned about her alleged involvement only through media reports. Speaking from Lucknow, Click Here To Follow Our WhatsApp Channelhe expressed disbelief, saying, “It is being said she was involved, but only the agencies know what they know. I still cannot believe this.” Shoaib described his sister as well-educated and independent, noting that she had been living separately for some time. The Delhi blast, which claimed multiple lives, has prompted a large-scale investigation, with authorities examining possible terror links and the suspects’ backgrounds as part of the ongoing probe
In an inspiring achievement that has brought immense pride to Jammu and Kashmir, a young girl from Srinagar, Absaar Aejaz, has scored a perfect 800 out of 800 in the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) — one of the world’s toughest and most competitive examinations.
The SAT, taken by thousands of students across the globe, is a key qualification for admission to top universities in countries like the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Absaar’s outstanding performance has placed her among the world’s highest achievers, setting a remarkable example for students from the Valley.
Despite the challenges that students in Kashmir often face, Absaar’s determination, discipline, and hard work have proven that perseverance can overcome all odds. Her success has been widely celebrated on social media, with people calling her an inspiration for the youth of Jammu and Kashmir.
Speaking about her journey, Absaar expressed gratitude to her parents and teachers for their continuous support and encouragement. She said her dream is to pursue higher studies abroad and represent Kashmir on a global platform.
Educational experts have lauded her accomplishment, saying it highlights the growing talent and academic potential of Kashmiri youth who continue to excel in national and international arenas.
Absaar Aejaz’s perfect SAT score not only showcases her personal brilliance but also reflects the spirit of resilience and ambition that defines the new generation of Kashmir.
The Jammu Kashmir Government has banned the sale, storage, and distribution of three ghee brands in Jammu district after laboratory analysis found that the products contained sub-standard vegetable oil instead of pure dairy fat.
Officials from the Food Safety Department confirmed that samples of the three brands, Shri Godhan Desi Ghee (also spelled Shree Gordhan), Eassy Dairy Cow Ghee, and MFP 56 Bhog A2 Desi Ghee, were sent to a testing facility in Delhi, where the reports confirmed serious deviations from prescribed quality standards.According to officials, the three brands, all manufactured in the state of Haryana, failed multiple parameters of purity and safety. “The tests revealed that these ghee brands contained vegetable oil blends not fit for human consumption as pure ghee,” an official said, adding that directions have been issued to immediately withdraw these products from the market.The ban order, issued by the designated Food Safety Authority, specifically applies to Jammu district, where the consumption of these products was found to be relatively higher. In Kashmir Valley, officials said the sale of these brands is negligible, and hence no widespread restriction was required
Retailers and distributors in Jammu have been directed to remove the banned products from their shelves, and the Food Safety Department has launched a verification drive to ensure compliance. Legal proceedings under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006, are also being initiated against the manufacturers and distributors involved.Authorities have advised consumers to check packaging details and avoid purchasing these particular ghee brands until further notice. “Public health remains our priority, and strict action will continue against sub-standard food products,” an official spokesperson said.
Meanwhile, health officials have urged the public to remain cautious about unverified brands and to purchase dairy products only from reputed manufacturers that conform to FSSAI certification standards. [KNT]
A local court in Anantnag on Friday sentenced a man to life imprisonment for raping and impregnating his minor daughter, a case that first came to light in 2022.The court also directed the convict to pay Rs 10 lakh as compensation to the victim.Click Here To Follow Our WhatsApp Channel
The case was reported to the Women’s Police Station, Anantnag, after the girl’s mother alleged that her husband had sexually abused their daughter, who was discovered to be pregnant. Police took immediate action, and medical examinations confirmed the pregnancy.
Police registered a case under Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and Section 6 of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act.
A charge sheet was subsequently filed, and the matter was taken up in a fast-track court given its serious nature.On Oct. 15, the Principal District and Sessions Judge, Anantnag, Tahir Khurshid Raina convicted the accused.
The sentence was pronounced Friday, ordering that the convict remain in prison for the rest of his life.The court also directed the payment of Rs 10 lakh compensation to the victim to aid her rehabilitation.
The prosecution had urged the court for the maximum punishment, emphasizing that the case sends a strong message to society about the seriousness of crimes against children, even within families.
A senior prosecuting officer said, “This case is testament to the fact that some individuals do not value family institutions and can go to any extent to commit such heinous acts. At the same time, the verdict should give confidence to victims that such criminals cannot escape the law.”
“The message is clear- “Society must stand united to protect its children, and victims should feel empowered to come forward without fear,” the officer added.
In a deeply emotional moment that captured hearts across the Arab world, freed Palestinian prisoner Akram Abu Bakr reunited and remarried his ex-wife in a touching ceremony held in Cairo, 23 years after his imprisonment. Click Here To Follow Our WhatsApp Channel
Abu Bakr, who was sentenced to life imprisonment by Israeli occupation authorities, was released recently as part of the latest prisoner exchange deal carried out by the Palestinian resistance. His story has since become a symbol of enduring hope, love, and faith under hardship.
According to reports, Abu Bakr had divorced his wife immediately after his arrest, believing he would never be released. The decision, he later explained, was made out of compassion, to allow her to rebuild her life instead of waiting indefinitely for him.
However, fate brought them together again after more than two decades. Upon his release, the couple decided to reunite and renew their marriage vows in a simple yet emotional ceremony attended by family, friends, and well-wishers.
The wedding in Cairo was marked by tears, joy, and celebration as the two embraced the life they had once lost. Many social media users across the region praised Abu Bakr’s story as a powerful testament to resilience, love, and freedom, with videos from the ceremony quickly going viral.
Abu Bakr’s reunion comes amid widespread joy across Palestine and the Arab world following the prisoner release deal, which has reunited dozens of long-detained Palestinians with their families after years behind bars.
Former child actress Zaira Wasim, widely recognized for her breakthrough role in Dangal (2016), has tied the knot in a private nikaah ceremony. The 24-year-old actress, who has been away from the public eye for several years, shared the first glimpses of her wedding on Instagram, marking a heartfelt return to social media.Click Here To Follow Our WhatsApp Channel
Zaira’s post featured two simple yet elegant photos from the intimate ceremony. The first photo shows her hand signing the marriage contract, adorned with intricate henna designs and a striking green ring. The second captures a serene back view of the couple gazing at the starry night sky. Zaira, dressed in a traditional outfit with a red scarf, and her husband, in a cream sherwani, are pictured with their faces turned away from the camera. She captioned the post: “Qubool hai x3” (I accept).
Fans and well-wishers flooded the comments section with blessings and congratulatory messages, including sentiments like: “May Allah bless your marriage!” and “So happy for you!” Despite the growing curiosity, Zaira has not revealed her husband’s identity, keeping the ceremony private and personal.
Zaira Wasim’s Career Highlights
Zaira Wasim shot to fame as the young Geeta Phogat in Dangal, acting alongside Aamir Khan. Her performance earned her critical acclaim, including the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress. She went on to star in Secret Superstar (2017) and The Sky Is Pink (2019), further establishing herself as one of India’s promising young talents.
In 2019, Zaira made headlines by stepping away from acting to focus on her personal faith and spiritual journey. Since then, she has led a quiet life in Srinagar, away from the limelight, occasionally interacting with fans through selective social media updates.
A Quiet Return to Social Media
The Instagram post sharing her wedding photos marks Zaira’s first major update on social media in years. Fans have expressed excitement and joy at seeing her happiness and milestone, celebrating both her personal and professional journey.
Zaira Wasim’s private nikaah and her return to social media serve as a reminder of her graceful balance between personal beliefs and her public persona, winning admiration from fans across India and beyond.
Congratulations to Zaira Wasim on her wedding, and best wishes for her new journey ahead!
Less than four months after three political parties in Jammu and Kashmir announced the formation of People’s Alliance for Change (PAC), one of its constituents — the Jamaat-Backed JDF — on Friday walked out of the coalition due to differences in its “modus operandi.”
The alliance, formed just a few months ago, included Sajjad Lone’s Jammu and Kashmir People’s Conference, the People’s Democratic Front (PDF) and JDF.Click Here To Follow Our WhatsApp Channel
“We wish to announce, with great mutual respect, that the Justice and Development Front (JDF) has decided to exit the People’s Alliance for Change (PAC), which came into existence a few months ago in collaboration with the People’s Conference (PC) and the People’s Democratic Front (PDF),” the JDF said in a statement.
The Jamaat-backed outfit said it believes pursuing an independent course will better serve its vision, values, and principles.
“…within the alliance framework, JDF has always exercised its democratic right to express differing opinions. After due reflection, we believe that pursuing an independent course will better serve our vision, values, and principles,” the statement said.
Though the JDF cited “certain differences” in the working style of the PAC, it didn’t provide the specifics. However, sources in the know say that the erstwhile Jamaat cadres wanted to field their candidate in the upcoming bypolls in the Budgam assembly seat, scheduled to go to the polls in November. But the PAC is believed to be pushing for Hakeem Yaseen as its joint candidate.
With the exit of JDF, it will be a difficult run for the PAC candidate as the former Jamaat cadres could have managed support from this region.
The PAC was a new political grouping in Jammu and Kashmir, formed only in June this year to challenge the existing political structure and offer an alternative to the region’s long-established parties
In a significant diplomatic shift, the Afghan Taliban has declared the Kashmir issue an “internal matter” of India during a high-level meeting in New Delhi on October 10, 2025. The statement, made by Acting Afghan Foreign Minister Mawlawi Amir Khan Muttaqi alongside India’s External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar, has ignited controversy, particularly in Pakistan, which views Kashmir as a disputed territory requiring international resolution.Click Here To Follow Our WhatsApp Channel
The joint India-Afghanistan statement condemned a recent terror attack in Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir, on April 22, 2025, which claimed 26 lives, and reaffirmed Afghanistan’s commitment to preventing its soil from being used for terrorism against India. Muttaqi’s reference to India and Afghanistan as “contiguous neighbors”—implying recognition of the 106-km border through Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK)—further underscored the Taliban’s stance, aligning with India’s claim over the region.
Historical Context and Taliban’s Evolving Stance
The Taliban’s position marks a departure from its earlier ambiguity on Kashmir. In May 2020, spokesperson Suhail Shaheen dismissed rumors of supporting a “Ghazwa-e-Hind” against India, emphasizing non-interference. Post-2021 Kabul takeover, the Taliban briefly voiced sympathy for Kashmiri Muslims in September 2021 but reverted to neutrality by 2022, with Anas Haqqani stating Kashmir was “not part of our jurisdiction.” The 2025 statement, however, is the clearest alignment yet with India’s narrative, driven by pragmatic needs for regional stability and Indian humanitarian aid, including 500 annual ITEC scholarships.
Regional and Domestic Reactions
The statement has deepened India-Afghanistan ties, with India viewing the Taliban as a counterweight to Pakistan-backed militant groups like Lashkar-e-Taiba. However, it has strained Afghan-Pakistan relations, already tense over TTP activities. On social media platform X, Indian users hailed the Taliban’s stance as a diplomatic win, while Pakistani and Kashmiri groups decried it as a “betrayal” and violation of UN mandates. Kashmiri legal experts have called the statement “baseless,” arguing it ignores self-determination rights.
Broader Implications
The Taliban’s position reflects a delicate balancing act: maintaining ideological appeal to Muslim causes while avoiding conflicts that could invite Indian retaliation or global isolation. For India, the statement bolsters its outreach to Kabul, though security remains heightened in Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan, meanwhile, faces a diplomatic setback, with its narrative on Kashmir as an international issue further challenged.
Srinagar Police on Monday conducted coordinated search operations at multiple locations linked to individuals allegedly associated with the banned Jama’at-e-Islami (JeI) and Hurriyat Conference.Click Here To Follow Our WhatsApp Channel
A police spokesperson said that searches were carried out at the residences of (1) Mushtaq Ahmad Bhat @ Goga Shahib @ Mushtaqul Islam, son of Gh. Qadir Bhat, resident of Kashi Mohalla, Batamaloo; (2) Ashraf Sehrai, son of Mohd. Shumasdin, resident of Baghat; (3) Mehrajuddin Kalwal @ Raj Kalwal, son of Mohammad Amin Kalwal, resident of Rainawari Kalwal Mohalla, A/P Hamza Colony, Kenihama (presently in NIA custody); and (4) Zameer Ahmad Sheikh, son of Ghulam Nabi Sheikh, resident of Gulshan Nagar, Nowgam.
He said the searches were conducted strictly in accordance with legal procedures. During the operations, various materials including literature and photographs allegedly linked to banned separatist outfits were seized.
These actions form part of a broader campaign aimed at dismantling the terror and separatist ecosystem in the Valley by targeting its support structures and networks, he also said.
Police reaffirmed its commitment to maintaining peace and public order, asserting that action will continue against individuals and groups found involved in unlawful or anti-national activities.
Continuing its sustained drive against elements involved in unlawful activities, Police on Wednesday conducted coordinated searches on at multiple locations associated with members of the proscribed organisation Jamaat-e-Islami (JeI) within the jurisdiction of Police District Budgam.Click Here To Follow Our WhatsApp Channel
The raids were carried out in the Soibugh and Chadoora areas at the residences of individuals linked with the banned outfit. The searches were conducted as part of ongoing investigations aimed at ascertaining their possible involvement in activities having potential to disturb public order and tranquility.
The operation reflects Budgam Police’s proactive approach in dismantling networks connected to the terror ecosystem and in thwarting any attempts to disturb peace and normalcy in the district.
Budgam Police reaffirmed its unwavering commitment to ensuring peace, security, and rule of law, reiterating that strict action will be taken against any individual or group found involved in activities prejudicial to public safety and the stability of the region.
Mohammad Yousuf Katari, the officials said, is a teacher but also acted as an Over Ground Worker in Kulgam.
He is believed to have links with Pakistan-based Laskar-e-Taiba (LeT) terror group.
The officials said Katari had a role in providing logistical support to the terrorists involved in the Pahalgam attack, who were later killed during Operation Mahadev.
Katari was zeroed in on, after an analysis of the equipment and weapons recovered from the LeT terrorists killed in Operation Mahadev.
Operation Mahadev was carried out for weeks, starting May 22, when security forces received intelligence about the presence of terrorists in Dachigam near Srinagar. Three terrorists, including the mastermind of the Pahalgam attack, were killed in the operation.
AK-47 and M9 assault rifles were among the weapons recovered from the hideout of the three terrorists, the officials said. The weapons were sent to a laboratory in Chandigarh for processing and reports confirmed the guns were used in the Pahalgam attack.
The 2025 Pahalgam Terror Attack: A Comprehensive Account of Tragedy and Its Aftermath
Introduction:
On April 22, 2025, the serene meadows of Baisaran Valley in Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir—often called the “Switzerland of India”—became the site of one of the deadliest terrorist attacks in the region’s history. Nestled in the Lidder Valley, Pahalgam is renowned for its snow-capped peaks, lush greenery, and role as a gateway to the Amarnath Yatra, a significant Hindu pilgrimage. The attack, which claimed 26 lives and injured over 20, targeted tourists in a calculated assault that shattered the region’s fragile peace and escalated tensions between India and Pakistan to the brink of war. This article provides a detailed examination of the attack’s prelude, execution, immediate aftermath, investigations, military responses, and broader implications, drawing on official reports, survivor accounts, and expert analyses.
Historical Context: Kashmir’s Enduring Conflict
Jammu and Kashmir has been a contested region since the 1947 partition of India and Pakistan, with both nations claiming the Muslim-majority territory. The late 1980s saw a surge in insurgency, fueled by separatist and Islamist groups like Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) and Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM), responsible for attacks such as the 2008 Mumbai massacre (166 killed) and the 2019 Pulwama bombing (40 Indian paramilitary personnel killed). Over 70,000 deaths have marked the conflict, driven by militancy and cross-border infiltration.
Post-2019, after India revoked Article 370, stripping Kashmir of its semi-autonomy, a stringent security crackdown reduced militant incidents by over 50% by 2024, per government data. Tourism flourished, with over 2 million visitors in 2024, as India promoted Kashmir as a symbol of integration. Yet, underlying tensions persisted, evidenced by the June 2024 Reasi attack, which killed nine Hindu pilgrims, foreshadowing the sectarian violence in Pahalgam. Weeks before the 2025 attack, India’s extradition of Tahawwur Rana, a former Pakistan Army officer linked to LeT, heightened tensions. LeT’s commander issued a public call for “jihad” on April 16, 2025, signaling an imminent strike.
The Attack: A Brutal Ambush in Baisaran Valley
At approximately 2:45 PM on April 22, 2025, Baisaran Meadow—a scenic spot 5 km from Pahalgam town in Anantnag district—was bustling with tourists enjoying picnics and pony rides. The area’s isolation, accessible only by foot or horse, and lack of CCTV made it a vulnerable target. Between three to six heavily armed militants, dressed in camouflage, emerged from the surrounding forests, wielding AK-47 variants, an American M4 carbine, and grenades.
Eyewitnesses reported chilling details: the attackers segregated victims by religion, demanding some recite the Kalma (Islamic declaration of faith) or undergo physical checks to identify non-Muslims. “They asked us to recite the Kalma. Those who couldn’t were shot on the spot,” recounted a survivor from Mumbai, whose brother was among the victims. The 15-20 minute assault was marked by indiscriminate gunfire, with panicked ponies trampling some victims. A local Muslim pony operator, attempting to intervene, was killed, underscoring the attack’s broad toll despite its sectarian intent.
By 3:15 PM, the militants fled toward the Pir Panjal range, evading initial security cordons. Rescue operations swiftly airlifted the wounded to Srinagar’s SMHS Hospital, where over 100 security personnel secured the facility amid chaotic scenes of grief. The final death toll was 26: 23 Hindus (mostly from Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Uttar Pradesh), one Christian from Kerala, one local Muslim, and one unidentified foreigner. Over 20 others were injured, including children, with five initially in critical condition.
Victim Breakdown
Victim Profile
Number
Details
Hindu Tourists
23
Families, professionals, pilgrims, and honeymooners from Indian states.
Christian Tourist
1
Member of a missionary group from Kerala.
Local Muslim
1
Pony operator killed while attempting to protect victims.
Unidentified Foreigner
1
Possible foreign national; identity pending DNA confirmation.
Injured
20+
Suffered gunshot wounds and trampling injuries; some required surgery.
Immediate Aftermath: A Nation in Mourning
The attack sparked nationwide outrage, dominating headlines and social media. The hashtag #JusticeForPahalgam trended globally, amassing over 5 million posts within 24 hours. Prime Minister Narendra Modi, cutting short a foreign visit, condemned the attack as a “cowardly assault on humanity” and vowed retribution. Protests erupted in Delhi, Mumbai, and Srinagar, with Hindu nationalist groups demanding military action against Pakistan.
Kashmir’s tourism industry, a cornerstone of its economy, collapsed overnight. Flights to Srinagar were suspended, and the Amarnath Yatra, scheduled for July, was postponed. The economic loss was estimated at ₹500 crore ($60 million) in the first week alone. In Pahalgam, curfews and a heavy deployment of over 1,000 security personnel fueled local fears of reprisals, as residents—many dependent on tourism—faced uncertainty.
Internationally, the attack drew swift condemnation. U.S. President Donald Trump declared, “America stands with India against terror,” while Russian President Vladimir Putin and EU President Ursula von der Leyen echoed similar sentiments. The U.S. Embassy issued a Level 4 travel advisory for Kashmir, citing “sporadic violence.” Pakistan denied involvement and offered a joint probe, but India’s Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri pointed to “cross-border linkages,” escalating diplomatic tensions.
On April 24, Jammu & Kashmir Police announced a ₹20 lakh ($24,000) bounty per terrorist, releasing sketches based on survivor accounts. The National Investigation Agency (NIA) assumed control of the investigation on April 26, signaling a high-priority probe.
Perpetrators and Claim of Responsibility
The Resistance Front (TRF), a LeT offshoot formed in 2019, claimed responsibility via Telegram on April 22-23, citing India’s “occupation” of Kashmir and sharing a site photo. Though TRF later retracted its claim, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar confirmed their involvement on July 18, corroborated by a UN Security Council report on July 29 noting TRF’s targeting of Hindu minorities.
Investigations identified five terrorists: three Pakistanis—Suleiman Shah (mastermind), “Afghan” alias Jibran, and Fauji—and two local aides, including one named Shah. All three main attackers were LeT operatives, per NIA findings. Recovered weapons included a Romanian AKMS, a Russian AKM hybrid, and a U.S. M4 carbine, pointing to an international supply chain.
A significant breakthrough came in October 2025, when a Huawei satellite phone (IMEI-linked to Inmarsat-4 F1) used by Suleiman Shah revealed pre-attack coordination with handlers in Pakistan. Controversially, JNU Professor Srikanth Kondapalli alleged that China supplied 120-129 satellite images of Pahalgam to Pakistan, breaching Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) anti-terror commitments. On October 5, 2025, Mohammad Yousuf Katari, a local teacher, was arrested for aiding the militants, traced via a discarded phone charger. The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) condemned the attack on June 17, linking it to terror financing networks, and the U.S. designated TRF a terrorist entity on July 18.
India’s Response: Military and Diplomatic Retaliation
India’s response was swift and multifaceted. “Operation Mahadev,” launched on April 22, involved ground offensives in Kashmir, culminating in the elimination of Suleiman Shah, Afghan, and Jibran on July 28 near Harwan forest, tracked via the Huawei phone. Recovered weapons bore fingerprints of international origins, per Home Minister Amit Shah.
Pakistani policemen demonstrate their skills during a special elite police training course at a police training centre in Nowshera, a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province on February 11, 2015. Dozens of male and female police took part in a commando training course, introduced by the local police as an additional skill for the police to be deployed to confront terrorism and extremism which is routinely on the rise in this South Asian nuclear-armed country. AFP PHOTO / A MAJEED
Diplomatically, India closed the Attari-Wagah border, halted bilateral trade, and threatened to suspend the Indus Waters Treaty. Line of Control (LoC) skirmishes began on April 24. The crisis escalated with “Operation Sindoor” (May 6-10), where Indian airstrikes targeted nine “terror camps” in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK), destroying LeT and JeM infrastructure. Pakistan retaliated, downing an Indian drone, but a ceasefire was declared on May 10, reportedly mediated by the U.S. (though India denied external involvement). IAF Chief Amar Preet Singh later confirmed significant Pakistani losses, including F-16s, JF-17s, and C-130s.
Domestically, India demolished homes of suspected militant aides on April 25 and blocked 8,000 social media accounts for “national security,” sparking debates over free speech. The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) was invoked for ongoing trials of accomplices.
Broader Implications: A Fragile Peace Exposed
The Pahalgam attack, the deadliest civilian assault in Kashmir since 2000, exposed critical security lapses despite India’s heavy troop presence (over 500,000 in the region). It underscored the risks of promoting tourism without robust safeguards, as noted by counter-terrorism analyst Tanya Mehra. TRF’s emergence as a potent threat highlighted evolving militant strategies, blending local recruitment with foreign backing.
Geopolitically, the attack deepened India-Pakistan animosity, reminiscent of the 2016 Uri and 2019 Balakot crises, but its civilian toll accelerated escalation. Allegations of Chinese involvement introduced a trilateral dynamic, prompting calls for SCO reforms. The UK urged restraint, while Russia issued travel warnings for Pakistan.
Socially, the attack fueled communal tensions, with rising Islamophobia in India and accusations of politicized “Hindu victimhood” narratives. As of October 2025, two terrorists remain at large, and trials continue. The FATF’s ongoing scrutiny of terror financing networks signals sustained global pressure.
Conclusion: Lessons from a Wounded Valley
The Pahalgam terror attack of April 22, 2025, claimed 26 lives and left an indelible scar on Kashmir’s psyche. Operations Mahadev and Sindoor marked a decisive shift in India’s counter-terrorism strategy, yet the tragedy exposed vulnerabilities in intelligence and regional stability. As Kashmir grapples with its aftermath, the attack serves as a grim reminder: peace in the valley remains elusive, demanding vigilance, dialogue, and international cooperation to ensure its meadows never again become battlegrounds.
Violent clashes between protesters and security forces in Leh, Ladakh, left four dead and over 70 injured on September 24, as long-simmering demands for statehood and local governance erupted into chaos. The unrest, dubbed a “Gen Z revolution” by activist Sonam Wangchuk, saw youth torch a BJP office and a CRPF vehicle, prompting police to use tear gas and batons. Here’s what unfolded: Key Developments
Roots of Unrest:
Since Ladakh became a Union Territory in 2019 after the abrogation of Article 370, locals have demanded statehood, Sixth Schedule protections for tribal autonomy, job reservations, a separate Public Service Commission, and two parliamentary seats for Leh and Kargil. Hunger Strike Catalyst:
Climate activist Sonam Wangchuk’s 15-day hunger strike, starting September 10, galvanized support from students, monks, and locals. The protest intensified when two elderly strikers were hospitalized on September 23, triggering a shutdown call by the Leh Apex Body’s (LAB) youth wing. Youth Anger Boils Over: On September 24, a peaceful march turned violent as youth pelted stones, set fire to the BJP office and a CRPF vehicle, and vandalized government buildings. Police firing to control the mob resulted in four deaths, escalating tensions. Government’s Response:
The Ministry of Home Affairs accused Wangchuk of inciting violence with “provocative speeches” referencing Arab Spring and Nepal’s Gen Z protests. A curfew was imposed under Section 163 of BNSS to restore order. Wangchuk’s Defense:
Ending his fast, Wangchuk called the violence an “outburst of youth anger” due to government inaction on scheduled October 6 talks. He condemned the chaos, urging peace to protect five years of advocacy. Political Fallout: The BJP blamed Congress for instigating unrest, while opposition leaders like Mehbooba Mufti criticized the Centre’s post-2019 policies. The government highlighted increased ST reservations (from 45% to 84%) as progress, dismissing the protests as “politically motivated.”
Background Ladakh’s 2019 transition to a Union Territory was initially celebrated for recognizing its Buddhist-majority identity but soon led to grievances over lost local governance and job opportunities. Wangchuk, a prominent voice, has highlighted youth unemployment and fears of land grabs by outsiders, fueling what he calls a “betrayal” of 2019 promises. What’s Next? With Leh under curfew and talks stalled, the unrest underscores deep frustrations in the strategic Himalayan region bordering China and Pakistan. Wangchuk’s call for calm seeks to refocus the movement, but the government’s hardline stance and mutual accusations threaten further escalation.”
Imagine turning a simple selfie into a glamorous Bollywood poster from the 90s, where you’re draped in a stunning saree with flowing hair and golden lighting. That’s exactly what the Google Gemini AI Nano Banana Saree trend is all about! This viral craze, exploding across Instagram, X, and TikTok in September 2025, uses Google’s Gemini AI tool—specifically its “Nano Banana” image-editing feature—to transform your photos into nostalgic, retro-style portraits. You can look like a classic Bollywood star in a chiffon saree, complete with vintage vibes, dramatic backdrops, and cinematic charm.
The trend is super popular among Gen Z and millennials who love blending Indian fashion with modern tech. Whether it’s a pastel pink saree fluttering in the wind or a bold black polka-dot look, this AI tool makes it easy for anyone to create and share their Bollywood-inspired masterpiece. But it’s not just fun—there’s also some buzz about privacy concerns, which we’ll cover later. Let’s dive into what makes this trend so special and how you can join in!
Why Is It Called “Nano Banana”?
The name “Nano Banana” sounds quirky, right? Here’s the breakdown:
Nano: This refers to the lightweight, fast version of Google’s Gemini AI model, designed to work smoothly on phones and browsers.
Banana: It’s a fun, unofficial nickname that early users gave to the tool. Some say it’s because the AI “peels back layers” of your photo to create something new, like peeling a banana. Google hasn’t officially explained the name, but it’s catchy and stuck!
The Nano Banana feature is part of Gemini’s image-editing tools (powered by Gemini 2.5 Flash Image) and is free to use through the Gemini app or Google AI Studio, with a limit of up to 100 image generations per day. It’s perfect for creating quick, creative edits without needing fancy software.
Why Is This Trend So Popular?
The Nano Banana Saree trend has taken social media by storm for a few reasons:
Nostalgia Vibes: It brings back the magic of 90s Bollywood, with its dreamy sarees, dramatic poses, and vintage film poster styles.
Easy to Use: You don’t need to be a tech expert or a designer—just a selfie and a few words to describe your dream look.
Shareable Fun: The results are so eye-catching that they’re perfect for Instagram Reels, Stories, or X posts, especially with hashtags like #NanoBananaSaree or #AIBollywoodLook.
Festive Timing: With Diwali 2025 around the corner, people are using it to create festive saree looks for virtual celebrations.
Creative Freedom: You can experiment with endless saree styles, colors, and backdrops, from retro to modern.
It’s not just about sarees either—some users are creating spin-offs like “Nano Banana Lehenga” or even “Hug My Younger Self” edits, where the AI adds emotional, nostalgic touches to photos.
How to Create Your Own Nano Banana AI Saree Image
Ready to try it? You don’t need any special skills or equipment—just a phone or computer, a good selfie, and a little creativity. Follow these simple steps to create your Bollywood saree masterpiece:
Step 1: Access the Gemini AI Tool
On Mobile: Download the Google Gemini app from the App Store (iOS) or Google Play Store (Android). Sign in with your Google account.
On Desktop: Visit gemini.google.com or Google AI Studio in your browser.
Look for the “Image Editing” section or a button labeled “Try Nano Banana” (it might be under experimental features).
Step 2: Upload a Clear Selfie
Choose a high-quality, solo selfie where your face is clearly visible. Good lighting (natural or soft) works best.
Avoid group photos, blurry images, or heavily filtered selfies, as they can confuse the AI and lead to weird results.
Step 3: Write a Detailed Prompt
In the text box, describe exactly how you want your saree look. Be specific about the saree type, color, background, and vibe.
Example: “Transform my selfie into a 90s Bollywood poster: me in a flowing pastel pink chiffon saree, golden-hour lighting, soft grainy texture, vintage film reel style, dramatic wind-swept hair.”
Click “Generate” and wait 5-10 seconds for the AI to work its magic.
Step 4: Refine and Share
If the result isn’t perfect, tweak your prompt (e.g., change the saree color or lighting) and try again.
Once you love it, download the image and share it on social media with #NanoBananaSaree to join the trend.
Pro Tip: Save a few versions to compare and pick the best one!
Top 5 Viral Prompts for Stunning Saree Looks
Here are some popular prompts inspired by trending posts on X and Instagram. Copy them or tweak them to match your style:
Classic Chiffon Saree Prompt: “Convert this selfie into a 90s Bollywood movie poster: me in a flowing pastel pink chiffon saree, golden-hour lighting, soft grainy texture, vintage film reel style, dramatic wind-swept hair.” Result: A romantic, ethereal portrait with warm tones and subtle floral accents, like a scene from a Shah Rukh Khan movie.
Polka-Dot Glam Prompt: “Retro 80s Indian cinema vibe: edit me wearing a black polka-dot saree with a fitted blouse, pearl jewelry, posed against a sunset backdrop, high contrast, vintage filter.” Result: A bold, glamorous look inspired by Madhuri Dixit or Sridevi.
Floral Elegance Prompt: “Convert to 4K HD 70s Bollywood actress: long wavy hair, translucent red saree draped over one shoulder, white flowers in hair, elegant blouse, warm wall background, dramatic side lighting.” Result: A timeless, cinematic portrait with a touch of mystery.
Modern Minimalist Prompt: “Modern Bollywood star look: me in a sleek white saree with silver embroidery, minimalist blouse, standing against a city skyline at dusk, soft focus, vibrant colors.” Result: A chic, contemporary vibe with urban flair.
Vintage Black and White Prompt: “Classic 60s Bollywood style: edit me in a black saree with sequins, short-sleeve blouse, posed in a black-and-white film frame, soft spotlight, retro grainy texture.” Result: A dramatic, monochrome masterpiece like an old Bollywood classic.
Tip: Always start your prompt with “Convert this image into…” or “Transform this selfie into…” to guide the AI. Play with colors like yellow, emerald, or royal blue for unique looks.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
To get the best results, steer clear of these beginner errors (based on user feedback from X and Instagram):
Blurry Photos: Use a high-resolution selfie (at least 720p) to avoid distorted faces or sarees.
Vague Prompts: Don’t just say “saree pic.” Be specific about colors, fabrics, and lighting, like “translucent yellow chiffon saree with golden embroidery.”
Over-Editing: Regenerating too many times can make the image look unnatural. Stick to 2-3 tries.
Group Shots: The AI works best with solo photos. Group images often lead to mixed-up faces or outfits.
Poor Lighting: If your selfie is too dark or overexposed, the AI might struggle to add realistic details.
The Buzz and Controversy Around the Trend
Why It’s Going Viral
The Nano Banana Saree trend is everywhere in September 2025:
Massive Reach: Millions of users have shared their AI saree edits on Instagram Reels, Stories, and X posts, with #NanoBananaSaree trending globally.
Celebrity Love: Bollywood influencers and even small-town creators are jumping in, making it a cultural hit.
Festive Fever: With Diwali approaching, people are using these edits to plan festive looks or create virtual avatars for celebrations.
Fun Spin-Offs: Beyond sarees, users are experimenting with lehengas, anarkalis, or even retro suits, keeping the trend fresh.
The Privacy Concerns
Not everything is perfect, though. Some users have raised eyebrows about the AI’s behavior:
Creepy Details: An Instagram user went viral after claiming the AI added a personal detail (like a mole on her shoulder) that she never mentioned in her prompt. This sparked debates about how Google’s Gemini model is trained and whether it pulls data from user profiles.
Data Worries: Experts warn that uploading personal photos to AI tools could risk data privacy. To stay safe, consider using a generic selfie or one without identifiable features.
Google’s Silence: Google hasn’t addressed these claims yet, but they’ve emphasized that the Gemini app follows standard privacy policies.
If the privacy concerns make you hesitant, you can try alternative AI tools like ChatGPT’s image-editing features or Canva’s AI suite, which offer similar Bollywood-style edits with different prompts.
Tips to Make Your Nano Banana Saree Edit Stand Out
Want your edit to shine on social media? Try these tricks:
Match Lighting: If your selfie has natural light, mention “golden-hour lighting” or “soft daylight” in the prompt for realistic results.
Add Accessories: Include details like “pearl earrings” or “bangles” to make the look authentic.
Experiment with Eras: Try 60s, 80s, or 2000s Bollywood vibes for variety.
Use Reels: Pair your image with a retro Bollywood song (like “Tujhe Dekha To” from DDLJ) for viral appeal.
Check the Background: Specify backdrops like “sunset,” “vintage wall,” or “floral garden” to set the mood.
Alternatives to Google Gemini AI
If you’re not sold on Nano Banana or want to compare, here are other tools to try:
ChatGPT Image Editing: Use DALL·E-powered features with similar prompts for Bollywood-style saree edits.
Canva AI: Canva’s Magic Studio offers user-friendly image transformations with saree templates.
Fotor AI: A free online tool with Bollywood-inspired filters and easy prompts.
These might not have the “Nano Banana” charm but can still deliver stunning results.
Final Thoughts: Join the Bollywood Glam Party!
The Google Gemini AI Nano Banana Saree trend is a perfect mix of tech, culture, and creativity. Whether you’re dreaming of a flowing chiffon saree or a bold retro look, this tool lets you channel your inner Bollywood star in minutes. It’s fun, free, and super shareable—perfect for Diwali 2025 or just to spice up your social media feed.
So, grab your best selfie, try one of the prompts above, and share your creation with #NanoBananaSaree. What’s your dream saree style—classic pink chiffon or dramatic black sequins? Let us know, and happy editing!
Milad un Nabi, also known as Mawlid al-Nabi or Eid-e-Milad-un-Nabi, is a significant observance in the Islamic world that commemorates the birth anniversary of Prophet Muhammad (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam, or S.A.W., meaning “peace be upon him”). This festival holds deep spiritual and cultural importance for millions of Muslims, serving as an occasion to reflect on the Prophet’s life, teachings, and legacy. While it is widely celebrated with joy and devotion, it also sparks debates within the Muslim community regarding its religious legitimacy. In this detailed article, we explore the history, significance, dates, celebrations, controversies, and global observances of Milad un Nabi.
History and Origins
The roots of Milad un Nabi trace back to the early centuries of Islam. Although the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) himself did not celebrate his birthday, and there is no explicit mention of such observances in the Quran or the authentic Hadith from his lifetime, the practice evolved over time as a way to honor his exemplary life.
The earliest indications of commemorating the Prophet’s birth appear among the Tabi’un (the generation following the Prophet’s companions) in major Islamic cities, where gatherings involved reciting poetry and songs in praise of Muhammad (S.A.W.). The Fatimid dynasty (909–1171 CE) in Egypt is often credited with institutionalizing public celebrations, possibly as early as the 10th century, though some historians suggest it began under the Abbasids. A pivotal moment came in 1207 CE when the Turkic general Gökböri organized the first large-scale public festival in Erbil (modern-day Iraq), influenced by Saladin, which included Sufi elements like animal sacrifices, torchlight processions, and recitations focused on the Ahl al-Bayt (the Prophet’s family).
By the Ottoman Empire era, Milad un Nabi was declared an official holiday in 1588 CE, known as Mevlid Kandil. The celebration spread across the Muslim world through trade, conquests, and cultural exchanges, adapting to local traditions. In the Indian subcontinent, it gained prominence under Mughal rulers, who incorporated grand processions and illuminations. Early celebrations were not uniform; they often blended religious devotion with communal feasting and storytelling, emphasizing the Prophet’s role as a mercy to mankind.
Significance
At its core, Milad un Nabi is a profound expression of love, gratitude, and reverence for Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.), whom Muslims regard as the final messenger of Allah. The Quran describes him as “a mercy to the worlds” (Surah Al-Anbiya, 21:107), and the observance allows believers to renew their commitment to his Sunnah (traditions) and teachings on compassion, justice, and piety.
The festival holds social and spiritual significance, fostering community bonds through acts of charity and benevolence. For Sufis, it symbolizes the Prophet’s pre-existence and eternal light (Nur Muhammad), inspiring mystical reflections. In many cultures, it serves as an educational platform, where stories from the Seerah (biography of the Prophet) are shared to inspire moral living. It also promotes interfaith understanding in diverse societies, highlighting universal values like peace and humility.
In 2025, the observance gains added prominence as it marks the approximate 1500th anniversary of the Prophet’s birth, with countries like Pakistan declaring nationwide activities to honor this milestone. This year-long commemoration underscores the enduring impact of Muhammad’s (S.A.W.) message on global civilization.
Date and Observance
Milad un Nabi is observed on the 12th day of Rabi’ al-Awwal, the third month of the Islamic lunar calendar, according to Sunni tradition. Shia Muslims, particularly Twelver Shias, celebrate it on the 17th of the same month, aligning it with the birth of Imam Ja’far al-Sadiq as well. The exact Gregorian date varies annually due to the lunar calendar’s dependence on moon sightings, which can differ by region.
For 2025, celebrations are expected to begin on the evening of September 4 and continue through September 5, though some sources indicate variations based on local moon sightings, potentially shifting to September 5 or 6. In India, it is a public holiday in several states, with banks and schools often closed. The month of Rabi’ al-Awwal itself is considered blessed, beginning around August 24, 2025, and is a time for increased reflection and good deeds.
Celebrations Around the World
Milad un Nabi is marked with diverse rituals that blend religious piety with cultural flair, varying by country and community. Common elements include special prayers (Salat al-Fatih or Nafl prayers), recitations of the Quran, and lectures on the Prophet’s life. Mosques and homes are adorned with lights, green flags (symbolizing paradise), and banners bearing Islamic calligraphy.
In India and Pakistan: Festivities feature large processions (Julūs-e-Muhammadi), where participants chant Naats (poems praising the Prophet) and distribute sweets. In Pakistan, the day starts with 21-gun salutes in major cities, followed by seminars and charity drives. Indian cities like Hyderabad host relic displays from the Prophet’s era, with night-long vigils and fireworks.
In Indonesia: Known as Maulid Nabi, it includes week-long Sekaten fairs with gamelan music, puppet shows, and food stalls. In some regions, it’s more elaborate than Eid celebrations.
In Turkey: Observances center on reciting Süleyman Çelebi’s famous Mawlid poem during Mevlid Kandili, with candle-lit mosques and family gatherings for sweets like lokum.
In Yemen and North Africa: Processions involve poetry recitations and the preparation of special dishes like Assidat Zgougou in Tunisia. Green decorations symbolize renewal and the Prophet’s love for nature.
In the Middle East and Africa: Countries like Egypt and Morocco feature Sufi dhikr sessions, while in Nigeria and Senegal, it’s integrated with local music and dances, emphasizing community unity.
Charity is a hallmark, with food distribution to the poor, blood donation camps, and environmental initiatives reflecting the Prophet’s emphasis on compassion. In modern times, digital celebrations include online Naat competitions and virtual lectures.
Controversies and Debates
While Milad un Nabi is embraced by the majority of Muslims, it remains a point of contention among scholars and sects. Proponents, including most Sunni scholars like Jalaluddin al-Suyuti and Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, and nearly all Shia authorities, classify it as a “bid’a hasana” (praiseworthy innovation) that encourages love for the Prophet without contradicting core Islamic principles. Modern figures such as Yusuf al-Qaradawi and Ali Gomaa argue that as long as observances avoid extravagance or shirk (polytheism), they are permissible and beneficial.
Opponents, primarily from Salafi, Wahhabi, and Deobandi schools, view it as a “bid’a sayyi’a” (reprehensible innovation) lacking basis in the Quran, Sunnah, or practices of the Salaf (early Muslims). Scholars like Ibn Taymiyyah and Ibn Baz have criticized it for potentially imitating Christian Christmas celebrations or incorporating forbidden elements like music, gender mixing, or excessive spending. In Saudi Arabia and Qatar, where Salafism is dominant, Mawlid is not officially recognized, and public celebrations are discouraged.
These debates highlight broader tensions between tradition and reform in Islam. Some moderates, like Ibn al-Hajj, support limited observances focused on pious acts, while emphasizing avoidance of excesses. Despite controversies, the festival continues to thrive in most Muslim-majority countries, adapting to contemporary contexts while preserving its devotional essence.
Conclusion
Milad un Nabi stands as a vibrant testament to the enduring reverence for Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.), blending faith, culture, and community. Whether through solemn prayers or joyous processions, it invites Muslims to embody the Prophet’s virtues in daily life. As the world marks this occasion in 2025 amid its 1500th anniversary commemorations, it serves as a reminder of unity in diversity within the Ummah. Regardless of differing views, the core message remains: to follow the Prophet’s path of mercy, justice, and peace.
Mohammed bin Salman (MBS), the 40-year-old Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, has redefined the kingdom’s political, religious, and social landscape in an unprecedented manner. Since his father, King Salman bin Abdulaziz, ascended the throne in 2015, MBS has consolidated power with a blend of audacious reforms, ruthless purges, and a bold vision for modernization. His actions have dismantled decades-old traditions, curtailed the influence of religious authorities, and positioned Saudi Arabia as a modernizing force on the global stage. However, his methods—marked by authoritarianism, human rights controversies, and extravagant personal spending—have sparked both admiration and criticism. This article explores how MBS crushed Wahhabi influence, ended the Sahwah movement, modernized the kingdom, and reshaped its future irrevocably.
Breaking the Grip of Wahhabi Clerics
Dismantling Wahhabi Dominance
For much of Saudi Arabia’s history, the Wahhabi clerical establishment, rooted in a strict interpretation of Sunni Islam, held immense sway over the kingdom’s social and political fabric. The Al Saud dynasty maintained a historic pact with Wahhabi clerics, granting them authority over religious and cultural life in exchange for political loyalty. This arrangement shaped laws, education, and public behavior, enforcing rigid gender segregation, dress codes, and bans on entertainment.
MBS viewed this influence as an obstacle to his vision of a modern, globally competitive Saudi Arabia. Beginning in 2015, he systematically reduced the power of Wahhabi clerics. Prominent scholars who opposed his reforms were silenced, arrested, or marginalized. The clerics’ control over education, judicial systems, and public discourse was curtailed, with the state assuming greater authority over religious narratives. MBS promoted a concept of “moderate Islam,” aligning the kingdom’s religious identity with international expectations of tolerance and openness. This shift weakened the traditional alliance between the royal family and the religious establishment, centralizing religious authority under MBS’s control.
Curbing the Religious Police
The Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice, commonly known as the religious police or mutawa, was a powerful enforcer of Wahhabi principles. For decades, its officers patrolled public spaces, reprimanding women for improper dress, enforcing prayer-time shop closures, and punishing behaviors deemed un-Islamic, such as listening to music or public mingling of genders. Their authority created a climate of fear and restricted personal freedoms.
In 2016, MBS stripped the religious police of their powers to arrest, detain, or pursue individuals, effectively neutering their influence. This decision transformed public spaces almost overnight. Concerts, cinemas, and sporting events—previously banned under Wahhabi restrictions—became commonplace. The introduction of entertainment aligned with MBS’s Vision 2030 plan to create a vibrant, youth-oriented society and attract global tourism. These changes resonated with Saudi Arabia’s young population, which constitutes over 60% of the kingdom’s citizens under 30, but alienated traditionalists accustomed to strict religious oversight.
Ending the Sahwah Movement
The Sahwah (Islamic Awakening) movement, which emerged in the 1970s and gained prominence in the 1990s, combined religious conservatism with political activism. It challenged the royal family’s policies, advocating a stricter adherence to Islamic principles and criticizing perceived Western influence. MBS saw the movement as a source of extremism and a threat to his centralized control.
In a bold move, he declared the end of the Sahwah movement, labeling it a driver of non-moderate Islam. Key leaders, including influential clerics and intellectuals, were arrested or sidelined, and their networks were dismantled. By targeting the movement’s infrastructure, MBS ensured that no religious or political group could challenge the royal family’s authority. This crackdown further consolidated his control over the kingdom’s religious landscape, aligning it with his vision of state-driven moderation.
Power Struggles and Political Purges
Ousting Rivals Within the Royal Family
MBS’s ascent to power was marked by strategic maneuvers to eliminate competitors within the Al Saud dynasty. In June 2017, he orchestrated the removal of his cousin, Mohammed bin Nayef, the former Crown Prince and a respected figure in Western intelligence circles for his counterterrorism efforts. Bin Nayef was stripped of his titles, placed under house arrest, and effectively erased from the line of succession. This move broke with Saudi tradition, which favored senior royals for succession, and cleared MBS’s path to the throne.
To further consolidate his authority, MBS isolated his father, King Salman, from extended family members and political influencers. Reports suggest that even King Salman’s wife, MBS’s mother, was kept away from political affairs, ensuring that MBS became the primary decision-maker. By controlling access to the king, whose health has been a subject of speculation, MBS positioned himself as the de facto ruler of Saudi Arabia.
The Ritz-Carlton Purge
In November 2017, MBS launched a dramatic anti-corruption campaign that saw dozens of princes, ministers, and business tycoons detained in Riyadh’s luxurious Ritz-Carlton Hotel. Prominent figures, including billionaire Prince Alwaleed bin Talal, were accused of corruption and held until they agreed to pay substantial settlements, reportedly amounting to billions of dollars. According to The Wall Street Journal, the campaign generated over $100 billion in recovered assets, bolstering MBS’s financial resources.
While framed as an anti-corruption drive, many analysts, including Ben Hubbard in his book MBS: The Rise to Power of Mohammed bin Salman, argue that the purge targeted individuals whose wealth or influence posed a threat to MBS’s consolidation of power. The campaign sent a clear message: no one, regardless of status, was beyond his reach. It also enriched the state’s coffers, providing MBS with resources to fund his ambitious projects.
Foreign Policy Missteps: The Hariri Episode
MBS’s assertive approach extended to foreign policy, where he sought to project Saudi Arabia as a dominant regional power. In November 2017, Lebanese Prime Minister Saad Hariri announced his resignation on live television from Riyadh, sparking speculation that MBS had coerced him to do so as part of Saudi Arabia’s rivalry with Iran and its proxy, Hezbollah. The move backfired when Hariri returned to Lebanon and rescinded his resignation, embarrassing Saudi leadership on the global stage. The incident highlighted MBS’s willingness to take bold risks, but also his tendency to miscalculate, drawing international criticism.
Vision 2030: Modernizing Saudi Arabia
Economic Diversification
MBS’s flagship initiative, Vision 2030, launched in 2016, aims to reduce Saudi Arabia’s dependence on oil by diversifying the economy into tourism, technology, and entertainment. Mega-projects like NEOM, a $500 billion futuristic city, symbolize his ambition to position Saudi Arabia as a global hub for innovation. The plan also includes partial privatization of Saudi Aramco, the kingdom’s oil giant, which raised $29.4 billion through its 2019 initial public offering, one of the largest in history.
These economic reforms have attracted foreign investment and generated optimism among young Saudis and global markets. However, critics argue that projects like NEOM face significant logistical and financial challenges, and the kingdom’s economy remains heavily reliant on oil revenues.
Social Reforms
MBS’s social reforms have reshaped Saudi society in ways once unimaginable. In 2018, women were granted the right to drive, a historic milestone that ended a decades-long ban. Restrictions on male guardianship were eased in 2019, allowing women to travel and work with greater independence. Mixed-gender events, sports tournaments, and music festivals have become commonplace, transforming public life. These changes have won MBS significant support among Saudi youth and women, who see him as a champion of modernization.
However, the reforms have a darker side. Many women’s rights activists, such as Loujain al-Hathloul, who campaigned for driving rights, were arrested and faced harsh treatment, underscoring MBS’s intolerance for independent activism. According to Amnesty International, these arrests were meant to signal that reforms would come solely from the state, not grassroots movements.
Human Rights Controversies
The Khashoggi Murder
The 2018 murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul remains the most infamous stain on MBS’s record. Khashoggi, a critic of the regime, was lured to the consulate, where he was killed and dismembered by a Saudi hit squad. A 2019 U.S. intelligence report concluded that MBS likely approved the operation. The killing sparked global outrage, strained Saudi Arabia’s relations with Western allies, and damaged MBS’s image as a reformer. Despite his denials of direct involvement, the incident highlighted the brutal lengths to which MBS would go to silence dissent.
Crackdowns on Dissent
MBS’s regime has shown little tolerance for criticism. Activists, clerics, and even ordinary citizens who voice dissent on social media have faced arrest and imprisonment. According to Human Rights Watch, the kingdom has used sophisticated surveillance technology to monitor and suppress online criticism. These measures have created a climate of fear, ensuring compliance with MBS’s vision but alienating segments of the population and drawing international condemnation.
Extravagance Amid Austerity
While MBS urged Saudis to embrace austerity as part of Vision 2030, his personal spending raised eyebrows. Reports by The New York Times and others detailed his purchases of a $500 million yacht, a $450 million Leonardo da Vinci painting (Salvator Mundi), and a lavish French château. These expenditures fueled accusations of hypocrisy, as ordinary Saudis faced reduced government subsidies and economic challenges. Critics argue that MBS’s opulent lifestyle undermines his narrative of shared sacrifice.
The Yemen War and Regional Ambitions
As Minister of Defense (2015–2022), MBS led the Saudi-led coalition in the Yemen war against Houthi rebels, backed by Iran. Launched in 2015, the conflict aimed to restore Yemen’s government but resulted in a humanitarian catastrophe, with tens of thousands of civilian deaths and widespread famine. The war, costing Saudi Arabia billions, has been widely criticized and has failed to achieve its objectives, tarnishing MBS’s reputation as a military strategist.
Despite this setback, MBS pursued an assertive foreign policy, including efforts to normalize ties with Israel and counter Iran’s regional influence. His 2018 statement supporting a Jewish homeland marked a significant departure from Saudi Arabia’s historical stance, signaling his willingness to align with global powers.
Controlling the Narrative
MBS has carefully crafted his image as a visionary leader through tight control of domestic media and strategic international campaigns. State-run outlets portray him as the architect of a modern, prosperous Saudi Arabia. However, his efforts to suppress dissent and control information have drawn scrutiny. The Khashoggi murder and subsequent cover-up attempts exposed the limits of his media strategy, as global outlets and human rights groups highlighted his authoritarian tactics.
Two Sides of MBS
MBS’s legacy is a study in contrasts. On one hand, he has shattered the Wahhabi stranglehold, ended the Sahwah movement, and introduced unprecedented social and economic reforms. His Vision 2030 has opened Saudi Arabia to the world, fostering a sense of optimism among its youth. On the other hand, his consolidation of power has come at a steep cost: political purges, human rights abuses, and a foreign policy marred by missteps. The Ritz-Carlton arrests, the Khashoggi killing, and the Yemen war have cast a shadow over his reforms, raising questions about the sustainability of his approach.
Conclusion
Mohammed bin Salman has irrevocably transformed Saudi Arabia. By dismantling Wahhabi dominance, ending the Sahwah movement, and pushing Vision 2030, he has dragged the kingdom into the modern era at a breathtaking pace. His reforms have empowered women, revitalized public life, and diversified the economy, earning him the admiration of many Saudis and global investors. Yet, his authoritarian methods—marked by purges, arrests, and the suppression of dissent—reveal a ruler who brooks no opposition. Whether MBS will be remembered as a transformative visionary or a ruthless autocrat depends on his ability to navigate the challenges ahead: balancing domestic expectations, managing economic transitions, and restoring Saudi Arabia’s international standing. One thing is certain: the Saudi Arabia of today is fundamentally different from the kingdom of a decade ago, and there is no going back.
The Tablighi Ijtema, an annual Islamic congregation organized by the Tablighi Jamaat, stands as one of the largest Muslim gatherings worldwide—second only to the Hajj in size and spiritual influence. Known for attracting millions of participants in South Asia and beyond, these events focus on spiritual revival, da’wah (inviting others to Islam), and tabligh (conveying the message of Islam) through sermons, collective prayers, and communal reflection.
In 2025, Jammu and Kashmir was poised to host its first major Ijtema in nearly four decades. Scheduled for September 5–7, 2025, in Warpora village, Sopore (Baramulla district), the gathering was seen as historic, with thousands expected to participate. However, just days before commencement, the event was abruptly cancelled, leaving devotees disappointed and sparking speculation over the reasons.
This article examines the key reasons and wider context surrounding the cancellation.
Background of the Sopore Ijtema
The Tablighi Jamaat, founded in 1926 by Maulana Muhammad Ilyas Kandhlawi in Mewat, India, encourages Muslims to return to the Prophet’s teachings and engage in grassroots missionary work. Its Ijtemas are considered pillars of the movement, with major ones held in Bhopal (India), Raiwind (Pakistan), and Tongi (Bangladesh) drawing millions of participants annually. The Bishwa Ijtema in Bangladesh is among the largest gatherings of Muslims in the world.
The Sopore congregation was to be a landmark, as the last major Ijtema in Kashmir had taken place in 1988 in Srinagar. Preparations were led by the Nizamuddin Markaz faction of Tablighi Jamaat under Maulana Muhammad Saad, with months of coordination involving local volunteers and administrative bodies. It was expected to revive the movement’s influence in the valley and strengthen religious unity.
Official Reason for Cancellation
According to organizers and social media announcements, the denial of permission by local authorities was the direct cause of cancellation. While the Jammu and Kashmir administration has not released a detailed public statement, the lack of approval for such a large gathering is widely accepted as the decisive factor.
The absence of clarity has led to speculation. In Kashmir, where security and law-and-order concerns are paramount, any event drawing tens of thousands of participants is subject to close scrutiny. Authorities may have judged that the timing and scale of the Sopore Ijtema posed logistical and security risks, especially in light of ongoing challenges in the region.
Weather and Logistical Challenges
The cancellation came amid severe floods and heavy rainfall across Jammu and Kashmir in late August 2025. The region was experiencing one of the heaviest monsoons in decades, causing landslides, damaged highways, school closures, and the suspension of pilgrimages like Vaishno Devi.
In such circumstances, hosting a massive outdoor congregation in Sopore, which requires stable infrastructure, medical facilities, and safe transport, was increasingly impractical. Authorities engaged in disaster relief operations may have considered it unsafe to allow tens of thousands to gather while resources were stretched thin.
Security Concerns
Beyond natural disasters, security considerations have long shaped the administration’s stance on mass gatherings in Kashmir. Large congregations—religious or otherwise—are often restricted to prevent potential unrest or infiltration by troublemakers.
Historical precedents reinforce this: in 2019, for example, the J&K government barred major Eid gatherings citing security fears. In a region marked by decades of militancy, insurgency, and political sensitivities, the prospect of hosting a congregation under international spotlight could have been deemed a risk.
Internal Dynamics within Tablighi Jamaat
The internal rift within Tablighi Jamaat further complicates the picture. Since 2015, the movement has been divided between:
The Nizamuddin Markaz faction led by Maulana Muhammad Saad.
The Aalami Shura (world council) led by senior elders in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.
Maulana Saad’s leadership has been controversial, with critics arguing he lacks the traditional credentials of senior elders. These disputes have sometimes spilled into violence, such as clashes at Tongi, Bangladesh, in late 2024.
Because the Sopore Ijtema was under the Saad-led faction, authorities may have hesitated to approve it. Factional tensions within the movement can complicate crowd management and create risks of confrontation or disorder.
Socio-Political Context in Jammu and Kashmir
Since the revocation of Article 370 in 2019, Jammu and Kashmir has been governed under heightened security oversight. Any large-scale religious or political gathering is carefully monitored.
While Tablighi Jamaat is apolitical, authorities remain cautious due to past allegations—however contested—linking the movement’s networks with some militant groups. Reports such as those from the South Asia Terrorism Portal have historically highlighted overlaps between some former Tablighi members and extremist outfits, influencing how security agencies view the group.
Moreover, in India’s wider political climate, groups like the VHP have opposed Tablighi gatherings in the past, accusing them of threatening communal harmony. Although no such protests were recorded in Sopore, the broader atmosphere may have influenced the decision-making process.
Community and Organizer Reactions
Organizers and supporters reacted with disappointment and sorrow. Posts on social media described the cancellation as “heartbreaking” and an “unfortunate restriction on religious freedom.” Many had anticipated the event as a spiritual revival for the valley after nearly four decades.
The lack of transparency from authorities further fueled frustration, as neither a detailed explanation nor an alternative plan was communicated. For participants who had already prepared for travel, the abrupt decision came as a major setback.
Broader Implications
The cancellation of the Sopore Ijtema illustrates several deeper issues:
Challenges of Religious Gatherings in Conflict Zones – Organizing mass congregations in Kashmir remains fraught with logistical, political, and security obstacles.
The Jamaat’s Global Position – Despite being a spiritual movement, the Tablighi Jamaat’s large-scale activities are often scrutinized in the context of security and communal concerns.
Impact of Internal Divisions – Factionalism within the Jamaat hampers its ability to present a united front, complicating its relationship with authorities.
Regional Religious Dynamics – For Kashmir, the cancellation reflects how religious identity and political sensitivities are closely intertwined.
Conclusion
The Tablighi Ijtema 2025 in Sopore was cancelled primarily because local authorities denied permission, likely due to a combination of severe floods, logistical challenges, and security considerations. The decision came as a disappointment to thousands who had hoped to witness the revival of the Ijtema in Kashmir after 37 years.
Adding to this were internal rifts within the Tablighi Jamaat, factional disputes, and the sensitive socio-political environment of Jammu and Kashmir, all of which shaped administrative caution.
While the movement continues to hold major Ijtemas in other parts of the world, the Sopore episode underscores the difficulty of organizing such events in politically sensitive regions. Moving forward, greater internal unity and proactive engagement with authorities will be essential if the Tablighi Jamaat is to successfully revive its historic gatherings in Kashmir.
On August 28, 2025, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) chief Mohan Bhagwat addressed a gathering at Vigyan Bhawan in New Delhi as part of the organization’s centenary celebrations, titled the “RSS Centenary Lecture Series.” During a two-and-a-half-hour question-and-answer session, Bhagwat unequivocally clarified that there is no mandatory retirement age of 75 in the RSS, dismissing widespread speculation that his earlier remarks were a subtle hint at Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s potential retirement. Both Bhagwat and Modi are set to turn 75 in September 2025—Bhagwat on September 11 and Modi on September 17—fueling political debates about leadership transitions within the RSS and its ideological affiliate, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). This event, marking the RSS’s 100th anniversary, covered a broad range of topics, including caste, education, patriotism, and RSS-BJP relations, but the retirement clarification stood out amid ongoing political chatter.
Bhagwat’s statements came as a direct response to interpretations of his July 2025 comments, which some viewed as advocating for leaders to step aside at 75. The clarification not only reaffirmed the RSS’s flexible approach to leadership but also highlighted the organization’s emphasis on duty over age, putting to rest rumors that could impact Modi’s third term as Prime Minister.
Background: The July Remarks and Rising Speculation
The controversy originated from Bhagwat’s remarks in July 2025 during a book launch event. He referenced a light-hearted comment by the late RSS leader Moropant Pingley, who jokingly said that at 75, one is felicitated with a shawl as a sign of respect, implying a time to make way for younger leaders. Bhagwat’s statement was: “One should make way for others after turning 75.” This was widely interpreted—particularly by opposition parties—as a veiled directive aimed at senior political figures, including PM Modi.
The timing amplified the speculation. With Modi approaching his 75th birthday, opposition leaders like those from the Congress party seized the opportunity, quipping that both Modi and Bhagwat should “pack their bags.” Arvind Kejriwal, leader of the Aam Aadmi Party, had earlier claimed during the 2024 Lok Sabha elections that Modi would retire at 75, paving the way for Amit Shah to become Prime Minister—a claim Shah vehemently denied. Additionally, Modi’s visit to the RSS headquarters in Nagpur in March 2025—his first in 11 years as PM—was seen by some, including Shiv Sena (UBT) leader Sanjay Raut, as a discussion about his successor, further stoking retirement rumors.
These interpretations were not limited to politics; they extended to internal BJP dynamics. Historical precedents, such as the sidelining of veteran leaders like LK Advani and Murli Manohar Joshi after they crossed 75 during Modi’s first term, added fuel to the fire. However, BJP leaders have consistently maintained that no such formal rule exists in the party’s constitution.
Bhagwat’s Clarification: Key Quotes and Emphasis on Duty
In his August 28 address, Bhagwat firmly rejected the notion of a fixed retirement age, stating, “I never said I will retire or someone should retire. In Sangh, we are given a job, whether we want it or not. If I am 80 years old, and Sangh says go and run a ‘shakha’, I will have to do it.” He elaborated that RSS members, or swayamsevaks, operate without the concept of retirement benefits or personal preferences: “We do whatever the Sangh tells us to do. We are ready to retire or work, as long as the Sangh wants us to.”
Bhagwat explained that his July reference to Pingley’s witticism was not a policy statement but a humorous anecdote. “This is not about anyone’s retirement,” he stressed, adding that assignments in the RSS are dictated by organizational needs, not age. This directly addressed the speculation surrounding PM Modi, with Bhagwat asserting, “I never said that I or someone else should retire at 75,” putting to rest claims that he had suggested Modi or himself step down.
The RSS chief’s words underscored the organization’s unique work culture, where lifelong commitment trumps age limits. As one X post from Orissa POST Live noted, this ended speculation that his remarks targeted Modi, with both leaders turning 75 next month.
RSS Work Culture: No Retirement, Only Service
Bhagwat’s clarification highlighted the RSS’s ethos of selfless service. Founded in 1925 by Keshav Baliram Hedgewar, the RSS operates through daily ‘shakhas’ (branches) where volunteers engage in physical exercises, discussions, and ideological training. Leadership roles are assigned based on capability and need, not age or tenure. “In the Sangh, we are swayamsevaks… we are given a job, whether we want it or not,” Bhagwat reiterated.
This contrasts with corporate or governmental retirement norms, as RSS members receive no pensions or benefits upon “retiring.” Instead, they continue contributing until the organization deems otherwise. Bhagwat’s own tenure as Sarsanghchalak (chief) since 2009 exemplifies this, and his statements suggest he has no plans to step down voluntarily.
RSS-BJP Relations: Coordination Without Dictation
Beyond retirement, Bhagwat addressed the RSS-BJP dynamic, rejecting perceptions that the RSS controls the BJP. “We know how to run ‘shakhas’ and BJP knows how to run the government. We only give suggestions to each other,” he said. He acknowledged occasional “struggles” in coordination but emphasized “no quarrel,” adding that decisions are the BJP’s prerogative.
This came amid delays in appointing a new BJP president after JP Nadda’s term expired nearly two years ago. Bhagwat quipped, “If we were deciding, would it have taken so long? We don’t decide. Take your time.” He dismissed opposition claims of RSS interference, stating differences may exist but will converge over time.
Responses from BJP and Amit Shah
Union Home Minister Amit Shah has been a key voice in debunking the 75-year rule. In May 2024, responding to Kejriwal’s claims, Shah said, “There is no provision regarding age, anywhere in the Constitution of the BJP.” He cited examples like 80-year-old Union Minister Jitan Ram Manjhi to illustrate that age is not a barrier in the party.
Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis echoed this, predicting Modi would lead again in 2029. The BJP has repeatedly affirmed no constitutional mandate for retirement at 75, viewing it as an electoral strategy from 2019 rather than a hard rule.
Opposition Reactions and Broader Implications
Opposition parties have used the issue to question Modi’s longevity. Congress leaders mocked the “pack their bags” narrative post-Bhagwat’s July remarks, while Raut speculated Modi’s Nagpur visit was for a “retirement application.” However, Bhagwat’s clarification may dampen such rhetoric.
The episode underscores tensions in India’s political landscape, where RSS influence on BJP is often scrutinized. For Modi, whose leadership has been central to BJP’s successes, the non-issue of retirement reinforces his position amid preparations for future elections.
Conclusion
Mohan Bhagwat’s August 28, 2025, clarification has effectively quashed rumors of a 75-year retirement rule in the RSS, emphasizing duty and organizational needs over age. By addressing speculations head-on, particularly those involving PM Modi, Bhagwat has reaffirmed the RSS’s apolitical yet influential role. As the RSS enters its second century, this episode highlights its enduring principles of service and adaptability, while signaling stability in RSS-BJP ties. With no formal barriers, Modi’s future appears secure, focusing attention back on governance rather than succession.
The Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) government has ordered the takeover of the management of 215 schools affiliated with the banned Jamaat-e-Islami (JeI) and its educational wing, Falah-e-Aam Trust (FAT), starting August 23, 2025. This decision follows adverse reports from intelligence agencies indicating direct or indirect links between these schools and the proscribed organization, with the managing committees of these schools either expired or flagged negatively. The move is authorized under the J&K School Education Rules of 2010, aiming to safeguard the academic future of approximately 55,000 students enrolled in these institutions.
The schools, spread across districts including Anantnag (37), Baramulla (53), Budgam (20), Bandipora (6), Ganderbal (6), Kulgam (16), Kupwara (36), Pulwama (21), Shopian (15), and Srinagar (4), were previously managed by FAT, which offered both Islamic and modern syllabi. The government has directed District Magistrates/Deputy Commissioners to assume control and propose new managing committees after verification, ensuring uninterrupted education aligned with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 norms.
However, J&K Education Minister Sakina Itoo clarified that she had not ordered Deputy Commissioners to take over but instead intended for principals of nearby government schools to manage these institutions temporarily for three months due to registration issues and expired committees. She noted errors in the official order issued by the School Education Department’s secretary, which she claims misrepresented her instructions. The minister emphasized protecting students’ futures, as the J&K Board of School Education had refused examination forms from these schools post the 2019 JeI ban.
The decision has sparked controversy, with political figures like Peoples Conference chairman Sajad Lone calling it “shameful” and PDP legislator Waheed Parra labeling it “unfortunate, undemocratic, and derogatory,” accusing the government of servility. The JeI, banned in 2019 and again in 2024 under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act for alleged terror links, has a history of controversy, including ties to militancy and separatist movements, notably through its role in the 1987 Muslim United Front.
The takeover aims to ensure quality education and secure students’ academic careers, but the conflicting statements from the minister and the official order highlight administrative discrepancies, drawing significant local criticism.
